Should you spread your calories over 3 meals or stick to a lower frequency? If you’re trying to create a calorie deficit, it can be difficult to know how often you should eat. Will a 3-meals-a-day diet plan work for weight loss, or is it simply another myth?
Let’s discuss this topic in more detail as we look at the history and inspiration of the 3-meals-a-day diet, its benefits, whether there are any links to weight loss, and health tips for this diet plan.
Eating 3 meals a day evolved from many factors, including economic, religious, and socio-cultural beliefs.
In ancient times, Romans would only take one meal at around midday as it was economical and believed to be healthy. They believed this would allow your body enough time to metabolize the food, guaranteeing good digestion. Furthermore, eating more than one meal a day was a form of gluttony to them.
Greeks would eat three meals a day, but there was no designation as breakfast, lunch, or supper/dinner; it was simply the freedom to eat.
In the Middle Ages, people followed a monastic life where they couldn’t eat before the morning mass, and they could only eat meat for half the days of the year.
People began to conceptualize breakfast as the morning meal in the 17th century. American natives would translate it as “break the night’s fast”. By then, people in the aristocratic class were the only ones who had the privilege to take breakfast. The wealthy would consume coffee, tea, and dishes such as scrambled eggs.
Two centuries later, the Industrial Revolution began, and people started to take breakfast and lunch to sustain them as they worked for over six hours. Breakfast was the pre-work meal, while lunch was the half-day meal. After work, many people went home for a hearty meal (dinner), leading to the current habit of three meals.
Before the 19th century, lunch was just a quick snack known as a “beever” or “noonshine”. Later on, it was “nuncheon”, which finally became luncheon or lunch. The revolution continued for a long time, which caused people to ingrain the idea of lunch into their routines.
As workers took their main meal at home after work hours, both the middle and lower classes adopted this eating habit of taking three meals a day. Over the years, the three meals have been further defined as people in Europe and North America now commonly eat toasted bread, coffee, and cereals for breakfast, while lunch and supper tend to be more hearty.
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No scientific or biological history claims that you should take three meals a day. It’s all a cultural pattern that has grown into a habit. Therefore, scientific studies only try to evaluate whether eating 3 meals a day has benefits over other eating patterns or not.
Taking three meals a day has its benefits, including:
The firm belief that three meals a day is healthy remains cultural. Some research has been conducted on meal frequency and how it may influence health markers. However, many studies don’t look specifically at a 3 meal per day pattern, but compare greater meal frequency with lower meal frequency. Their definitions of these meal frequency categories vary.
Some older studies have suggested that greater meal frequency might be associated with reduced total and/or LDL cholesterol levels (14, 9, 19). However, the overall evidence regarding meal frequency and cardiovascular risk factors is varied and inconclusive. (20)
Some older epidemiological studies have also suggested an association between greater meal frequency and a lower risk of obesity (2, 1).
Lastly, another older study found skipping breakfast to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men (4).
We can’t say from these studies that eating 3 meals per day directly reduces chronic disease risk, but it certainly can be a healthy eating pattern as long as your food choices are also healthy and balanced.
Read More: 2 Meals a Day Diet: Definition, Benefits, and How to Do It
Theoretically, you can use three meals a day to lose weight for several reasons, including:
However, according to scientific studies, there’s still a need for more research. Research has shown that obesity is a growing epidemic with many associated risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Experts recommend several strategies that may influence weight control and loss, including exercises, diets, drugs, meal timing, and meal frequency (17).
Regarding a 3 meals a day diet plan, some studies have found that fewer meals (one or two) a day leads to a lower BMI (11). However, other factors, such as whether you eat breakfast and how much you snack, can affect the result.
The same study further suggested that eating breakfast, not snacking, and eating your largest meal in the morning may also be effective for preventing long-term weight gain (11).
Other studies have suggested that greater meal frequency is associated with a reduced risk of obesity (2, 1).
At the end of the day, what and how much you eat is more likely to determine whether you gain, lose, or maintain your weight. If eating more or less frequently helps you eat fewer overall calories, then you’re more likely to lose weight with that strategy.
Studies have suggested that eating three meals a day may improve satiety and reduce hunger cues compared to higher meal frequency diets (6). In fact, eating small, frequent meals is often recommended for people who need to eat more and gain weight. So sticking with 3 meals a day may help you eat fewer calories and stay on top of your nutritional needs without overeating.
Decision fatigue occurs when you need to make decisions past your psychological threshold. This causes stress, which can contribute to unnecessary weight gain.
When you follow a three-meals-a-day diet plan, you won’t feel as overwhelmed because you can more easily plan 3 meals as opposed to several. Preparing a meal plan is one of the most effective ways to combat decision fatigue, which may lower your stress levels.
From this discussion, it can be concluded that no particular meal frequency assures weight loss. Whatever strategy can help you eat fewer calories and/or burn more calories every day should help you lose weight. Regarding meal frequency, experiences may vary for every individual, so do whatever works best for you. Most people can be successful on 3 meals per day, as it is the societal norm and fits in well with most people’s lifestyle patterns.
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For results, try these 3-meals-a-day weight loss tips below:
It should be noted that no dietary frequency guarantees weight loss. Whether you eat six meals a day or stick to three, it all boils down to your calorie intake and meal quality.
The right way to consume three meals a day is to ensure each meal is satisfying, filled with essential nutrients, and contains healthy calories. All your three meals should be balanced, and contain a variety of nutrient-dense foods from all food groups.
Below is a guide on how to consume each of the three meals the right way:
Read More: 3 Meals A Day Diet No Snacks For Weight Loss
The two consist of similar food choices from meat, poultry, salads, and more, so we decided to combine them.
Eating three meals a day can be healthy if the meals are balanced and portion-controlled. This traditional eating pattern aligns with many cultural practices and can provide consistent energy levels throughout the day. Each meal should ideally include a mix of macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, in addition to vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables.
However, individual needs vary, and some people may benefit from different eating patterns such as smaller, more frequent meals or intermittent fasting, depending on their lifestyle, metabolism, and health goals. Consulting a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help determine the best eating pattern for your specific needs.
Yes, you can lose weight with three meals a day if your meals are well-balanced and portion-controlled. Weight loss is primarily driven by creating a caloric deficit, which means that you consume fewer calories than you burn. Eating three structured meals can help some people manage their hunger and avoid overeating.
Each meal should focus on nutrient-dense foods, such as lean proteins, whole grains, vegetables, and healthy fats, which can keep you full longer and provide necessary nutrients. Consistency in meal timing can also help regulate blood sugar levels and reduce cravings (13). Ultimately, the success of a weight loss plan is dependent on the total calorie intake and expenditure, regardless of meal frequency.
Whether it’s better to eat three or four meals a day depends on individual preferences, lifestyle, and health goals. Three meals a day can provide adequate nutrition and keep you in better control of your hunger. However, four smaller meals may benefit those who feel hungry between meals or have higher energy requirements.
Some studies have even suggested that eating more frequently can help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent overeating. However, the total caloric intake and nutritional quality of the meals are more important factors than the number of meals you eat. Personal experimentation and consulting a healthcare provider can help determine the optimal eating pattern.
For weight loss, the timing and size of meals can vary based on individual metabolism and lifestyle, but many experts have suggested that you should make breakfast or lunch the largest meal of the day. A larger breakfast can help control hunger throughout the day, which reduces the likelihood of overeating later (3).
Similarly, a substantial lunch can provide sustained energy and prevent afternoon cravings. Dinner may be lighter and consumed earlier to allow for proper digestion before bedtime. Ultimately, your focus should be on balanced, nutrient-dense meals and maintaining a caloric deficit to achieve weight loss, while meal timing and frequency can vary according to personal preference.
Eating three meals a day may be rooted in our culture, but when it comes to weight loss, the number/frequency of your meals shouldn’t be your primary concern.
Any particular meal frequency will only be effective for weight loss if you stick to your calorie count and healthy quality meals. Therefore, even if you’re following this diet plan, you only need to plan for three hearty meals that are aligned with your nutritional needs.
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